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ChatGPT is one of many AI content generators tackling the art of the written word — whether that be a news article, press release, college essay or sales email. OpenAI, an AI research company based in San Francisco, created ChatGPT, releasing it publicly on November 30, 2022. This approach incorporates human feedback into the training process so it can better align its outputs with user intent (and carry on with more natural-sounding dialogue). It can also critique the user’s writing, summarize long documents and translate text from one language to another.

• This has led to concern over the rise of what has come to be called “synthetic media” and “AI slop” which are generated by AI and rapidly spread over social media and the internet.
• Juergen Schmidhuber said that in 95% of cases, AI research is about making “human lives longer and healthier and easier.” He added that while AI can be used by bad actors, it “can also be used against the bad actors”.
• In September 2024, OpenAI introduced o1-preview and a faster, cheaper model named o1-mini.
• The reward model of ChatGPT, designed around human oversight, can be over-optimized and thus hinder performance, in an example of an optimization pathology known as Goodhart’s law.
• GPT-5 also added enhanced multimodal capabilities with improvements to email, calendar and code environment integrations.
• These labels were used to train a model to detect such content in the future.
• In February 2023, OpenAI launched a premium service, ChatGPT Plus, that costs US$20 per month.

ChatGPT and other conversational AI models have generated a lot of buzz in the customer service space, offering a way to automate responses to customer queries as opposed to relying on a human agent. The language models used in ChatGPT are specifically optimized for dialogue and were trained using reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). By using a large language model (LLM), which is trained on vast amounts of data from the internet, ChatGPT can answer questions, compose essays, offer advice and write code in a fluent and natural way. In January 2023, the International Conference on Machine Learning banned any undocumented use of ChatGPT or other large language models to generate any text in submitted papers. Kevin Roose of The New York Times called it "the best artificial intelligence chatbot ever released goatz casino review to the general public". In September 2025, following the suicide of a 16-year-old, OpenAI said it planned to add restrictions for users under 18, including the blocking of graphic sexual content and the prevention of flirtatious talk.

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The user can interrupt tasks or provide additional instructions as needed. It is capable of writing software, answering codebase questions, running tests, and proposing pull requests. According to TechCrunch, it is a service based on o3 that combines advanced reasoning and web search capabilities to make comprehensive reports within 5 to 30 minutes. This tool allows a user to customize ChatGPT's behavior for a specific use case. ChatGPT's Mandarin Chinese abilities were lauded, but the ability of the AI to produce content in Mandarin Chinese in a Taiwanese accent was found to be "less than ideal" due to differences between mainland Mandarin Chinese and Taiwanese Mandarin.

What are the main ChatGPT competitors?

In July 2024, Futurism reported that GPT-4o in ChatGPT would sometimes link "scam news sites that deluge the user with fake software updates and virus warnings"; these pop-ups can be used to coerce users into downloading malware or potentially unwanted programs. In an industry survey, cybersecurity professionals argued that it was attributable to cybercriminals' increased use of generative artificial intelligence (including ChatGPT). Chris Granatino, a librarian at Seattle University, noted that while ChatGPT can generate content that seemingly includes legitimate citations, in most cases those citations are not real or largely incorrect.

• As of July 2025, Science expects authors to release in full how AI-generated content is used and made in their work.
• ChatGPT is programmed to reject prompts that may violate its content policy.
• The release of GPT-5 provides a sizable update to previous models, at least on paper.
• To build a safety system against harmful content (e.g., sexual abuse, violence, racism, sexism), OpenAI used outsourced Kenyan workers earning around $1.32 to $2 per hour to label such content.
• Many companies adopted ChatGPT and similar chatbot technologies into their product offers.
• The model can also generate new images based on existing ones provided in the prompt, which can, for example, be used to transform images with specific styles or inpaint areas.
• Google’s Bard (now Gemini) launched on February 6, 2023, one day before Microsoft’s announcement of Bing Chat (now Microsoft Copilot).

OpenAI announces the release of its o1 model, which demonstrates complex reasoning capabilities. The feature is also still exclusive to ChatGPT users who have a Plus, Team, Enterprise or Education plan. While users cannot checkout inside ChatGPT, they are redirected to the merchant’s website when they click on the link.
In the 2020s, the rapid advancement of deep learning-based generative artificial intelligence models raised questions about the copyright status of AI-generated works, and about whether copyright infringement occurs when such are trained or used. Over many iterations of ChatGPT, plus users maintained more access to better models than the free tier provided, and access to additional features like voice mode. This update allows users to interact with ChatGPT via speech, and to upload images that the model can analyze and use to generate outputs. The GPT Store allows users to share their customized GPT models with others. OpenAI initially released this feature to users who pay for the Plus, Team or Enterprise plan.
Kejriwal also pointed to the LMArena leaderboard, where users ask questions and rate responses without knowing which AI chatbot they are engaging with. Without downloading an app or visiting a separate webpage, users can access Gemini 3 in Google search by clicking "AI mode." This could be a major advantage for anyone who already works in Google's world and needs a productivity tool. The company launched Gemini 3, calling it its most advanced model yet. Similar to a phone’s auto-complete feature, ChatGPT uses a prediction model to guess the most likely next word based on the context it has been provided.
AI agents represent stage three of AGI, enhancing ChatGPT’s reasoning abilities and enabling it to complete a broader range of tasks without human assistance. This paid subscription version of ChatGPT provides faster response times, access during peak times and the ability to test out new features early. According to OpenAI, builders based in the United States will be eligible for payments based on the usage of their custom GPTs.

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At launch, OpenAI included more than 3 million GPTs created by GPT Builder users in the GPT Store. The integration used ChatGPT to write prompts for DALL-E guided by conversations with users. According to the company, the paid version of the website was still experimental, but provided access during peak periods, no downtime, priority access to new features, and faster response speeds. In September 2025, OpenAI added a feature called Pulse, which generates a daily analysis of a user's chats and connected apps such as Gmail and Google Calendar. ChatGPT is frequently used for translation and summarization tasks, and can simulate interactive environments such as a Linux terminal, a multi-user chat room, or simple text-based games such as tic-tac-toe. It is designed to generate human-like text and can carry out a wide variety of tasks.

Who Created ChatGPT?

In March 2025, OpenAI updated ChatGPT to generate images using GPT-4o instead of DALL-E. This includes both plugins made by OpenAI, such as web browsing and code interpretation, and external plugins from developers such as Expedia, OpenTable, Zapier, Shopify, Slack, and Wolfram. To prevent offensive outputs from being presented to and produced by ChatGPT, queries are filtered through the OpenAI "Moderation endpoint" API (a separate GPT-based AI). These include, among many others, writing and debugging computer programs, composing music, scripts, fairy tales, and essays, answering questions (sometimes at a level exceeding that of an average human test-taker), and generating business concepts.

These limitations may be revealed when ChatGPT responds to prompts including descriptors of people. ChatGPT can find more up-to-date information by searching the web, but this doesn't ensure that responses are accurate, as it may access unreliable or misleading websites. OpenAI has sometimes mitigated this effect by updating the training data. ChatGPT's training data only covers a period up to the cut-off date, so it lacks knowledge of recent events. In September 2025, OpenAI partnered with Stripe, Inc. to release Agentic Commerce Protocol, enabling purchases through ChatGPT.
The company also partnered with PayPal, one of the largest payment processing services in the world, to let users pay for their shopping directly within ChatGPT. Through the partnership, ChatGPT users will be able to find products sold by Walmart and complete entire purchases without leaving the chatbot’s interface. The partnership also involves Intuit deepening its use of OpenAI’s frontier models to support a range of use cases on its platform, including powering select AI agents and improving employee productivity at Intuit.
Robin Bauwens, an assistant professor at Tilburg University, found that a ChatGPT-generated peer review report on his article mentioned nonexistent studies. In January 2023, Science "completely banned" LLM-generated text in all its journals; however, this policy was just to give the community time to decide what acceptable use looks like. ChatGPT has been used to generate introductory sections and abstracts for scientific articles. Andrew Ng argued that "it's a mistake to fall for the doomsday hype on AI—and that regulators who do will only benefit vested interests." Yann LeCun dismissed doomsday warnings of AI-powered misinformation and existential threats to the human race. Juergen Schmidhuber said that in 95% of cases, AI research is about making "human lives longer and healthier and easier." He added that while AI can be used by bad actors, it "can also be used against the bad actors". In October 2025, OpenAI banned accounts suspected to be linked to the Chinese government for violating the company's national security policy.
OpenAI announced the addition of product recommendations on ChatGPT when users implied shopping intent in their queries. ChatGPT Agent functions by using a text-based browser to find information related to the action requested by the user. The new feature enables the chatbot to start and complete tasks on behalf of the user with minimal input. It is now available to both paying and non-paying ChatGPT users, with usage limitations of course. The company also unveiled an open-source technical standard called Agentic Commerce Protocol for merchants to build integrations with ChatGPT, essentially making their products available for purchase within the chatbot.

The laborers were exposed to toxic and traumatic content; one worker described the assignment as "torture". To build a safety system against harmful content (e.g., sexual abuse, violence, racism, sexism), OpenAI used outsourced Kenyan workers earning around $1.32 to $2 per hour to label such content. In the case of supervised learning, the trainers acted as both the user and the AI assistant. The fine-tuning process involved supervised learning and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). It can generate plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical answers known as hallucinations. The chatbot has also been criticized for its limitations and potential for unethical use.
On August 19, 2025, OpenAI launched ChatGPT Go in India, a low-cost subscription plan priced at ₹399 per month, offering ten times higher message, image generation, and file-upload limits, double the memory span compared to the free version, and support for UPI payments. In October 2023, OpenAI's image generation model DALL-E 3 was integrated into ChatGPT Plus and ChatGPT Enterprise. In February 2023, OpenAI launched a premium service, ChatGPT Plus, that costs US$20 per month. It has an additional feature called "agentic mode" that allows it to take online actions for the user. In October 2025, OpenAI launched ChatGPT Atlas, a browser integrating the ChatGPT assistant directly into web navigation, to compete with existing browsers such as Google Chrome and Apple's Safari.